First, the generation, transmission, distribution, and consumption of electric energy occur under essentially sinusoidal steadystate conditions. The sonometer is a device that enables you to determine the relationship between the tension or force pulling on a vibrating string and the frequency it produces and the length of a vibrating string and the frequency it produces. How to measure the ac source frequency using sonometer and. To determine the frequency of ac mains using a sonometer. To determine the frequency of alternating current using a sonometer and an electromagnet. Frequency of ac mains using sonometer experiment by non. The sonometer the resonant string and timbre change. Mains using sonometer pankaj bakshi physics practicals st. Its best to cclamp the sonometer to the lecture bench or cart so that it doesnt slide around. A vernier calipers consists of a rectangular steel bar graduated in inches on one edge and in centimeters. The sonometer the resonant string and timbre change after.
The group i was working with in the lab didnt give me chance to help out and didnt seem keen. Feb 02, 2016 basically a sonometer is a device based on the principle of resonance. Sonometer equipment capstone, sonometer with detector coil but not driver coil, voltage sensor, bnc to double banana plug adapter, set of hook masses, and 2 set of wires caution in this experiment a substantial mass, supported by a wire, hangs over the oor. To find the frequency of the ac mains with sonometer experiment readings ask for details. The proposed experiment is a good experimental task for undergraduate and high school students, which trains the students how to collect and process experimental data.
Frequency and phase measurement ac metering circuits. The easiest way to do this is send the output of the sonometer detectorsensor into the preamp and then record its output with audition. Using a wire length of approximately 30cm measure the vibrational frequency of the wire for a range of tensions. By knowing the linear density, m, of the wire, the frequency of a. To perform this experiment usually a sonometer is used in which an electromagnet is fitted in the middle. Let the alternating current have frequency v so that the frequency of magnetisation of the electromagnet v e becomes 2v. Determine the frequency of ac main using sonometer. Jul 01, 2015 to determine frequency of ac mains using a sonometer and a magnet edukart. Aug 01, 2012 to determine frequency of ac mains using a sonometer and a magnet. A sonometer with a soft iron wire stretched over it, an electromagnet. Sonometer investigation science practical expiriment.
Experiment 7 ac voltages, frequency and the use of the oscilloscope objective. Frequency of ac mains using sonometer experiment pdf an a. Refractive index of the material of the given prism 1. Last revised on september 21, 2016 experiment 11 velocity of waves 5.
Untie the wire of the sonometer from its peg and find its mass in a physical balance. It is used to verify the laws of vibration of stretched string and also to determine the frequency of a tuning fork. Physics laboratory manual department of physics, bit, mesra, offcampus deoghar 9 experiment no. Measure the pitch or the frequency of the fundamental mode. To determine the frequency of alternating current using a sonometer. Aim to find the frequency of the ac mains with a sonometer. Frequency measurement is very important in many applications of alternating current, especially in ac power systems designed to run efficiently at one frequency and one frequency only. A sonometer is a device for demonstrating the relationship between the frequency of the sound produced by a plucked string, and the tension, length and mass per unit length of the string. Which type of transformer is used in sonometer experiment and what is it. Resonance tube experiment for gseb students of std. Physics laboratory manual department of physics, bit mesra page 1 experimets no. To study the relation between frequency and length of wire.
Apparatus a sonometer, a set of eight tuning forks. Link of pdf of practical file of this experiment link of pdf of practical file of g by bar pendulum experiment. A step down transformer is used for the determination of frequency of a. My question is that resonance was there in vibration or.
Students may be able to reproduce the frequency generated by the fork on the sonometer simply by listening to the audible note produced and comparing the two, adjusting the masses or bridge until the correct note is produced. To find the frequency of the alternating current with the help of a sonometer. To find the frequency of the ac mains with a sonometer learn. Sonometer find the frequency of alternating current, gseb. Jun 26, 2010 we did an experiment of measuring ac mains frequency using sonometer. On the wooden rectangular box there are two bridges and a pulley at one end. Jan 29, 2012 homework statement there is this experiment regarding the frequency of ac mains using a sonometer and i found a slight confusion with the formula. We did a 3 part experiment last week using a sonometer and i have to write a lab report for it. What is the particular type of processor model and operating system on which a computer is based called. Sonometer with nonmagnetic wire brass wire stretched over it, stepdown transformer of 68 volts, horse shoe magnet, meter scale, screw gauge and 250gm weights. This is why ac electric wall clocks keep exceptionally good time. After completing this experiment, you will be able to use the oscilloscope to measure unknown. An important electrical quantity with no equivalent in dc circuits is frequency. If the applied frequency is equal to the natural frequency of a vibrating body then the body vibrates with maximum amplitude.
In this experiment a small current, produced by a signal generator, causes. When the rate of movement due to the current matches the fundamental frequency. Lab experiments kamaljeeth instrumentation and service unit. By either stretching or shortening the string from the control.
To measure the length of a given object by using vernier caliper description of the measuring device 1. Physics laboratory manual department of physics, bit, mesra, offcampus deoghar 3 experiment no. Hence find the mass per unit length, m for the wire. We did an experiment of measuring ac mains frequency using sonometer.
The objective of this experiment is to use a sonometer, which is a device that holds a single wire under a set tension and detects normal mode vibrations of the wire, to measure how the normal mode. A sonometer demonstrates the relationship between the frequency of the sound produced by a plucked string, and the tension, length and mass per unit. Sonometer with nonmagnetic wire, two bar magnets, stepdown transformer of 68 volts, a set of weights, a screw guage and a meter scale. Measure and record the mass m in kg of the sonometer wire. Accurate measurement of the mains electricity frequency. I know of no electric appliance that cares if the frequency is 59 hz or 60 hz or 61 hz. Apparatus and material required a sonometer with a soft iron wire stretched over it, an electromagnet, a stepdown transformer, slotted 12 kg weights hanger, a physical balance, two sharp edge wedges and a weight box. Fang, 2007 we use a fixed frequency of the mains voltage and a magnet to. A change in the mains frequency has negative effects in some of the appliances. Step down transformer working formula the frequency of a. In the experiment an electromagnet was vibrating the string.
A monochord, also known as sonometer see below, is an ancient musical and scientific laboratory instrument, involving one mono string. To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant tension using sonometer. Transverse waves are produced in the sonometer experiment. If kinetic energy is applied to an object at a rate that matches its natural frequency, resonance occurs and the object vibrates.
Sonometer can determine the frequency of ac mains in an. Circuits laboratory experiment 3 ac circuit analysis 3. Again, using an oscilloscope and microphone the frequency produced can be checked a lot more accurately. If a current is passed through a wire in a magnetic field then the wire will move. I am really struggling with getting my head around the results and the questions i have to answer. If the wire should break the mass will fall to the oor. To determine the frequency of ac mains with the help of sonometer 8. The linear density of the wire, m, can be calculated using the relation, m. Sonometer lab general physics i sonometer lab jonathan. Jul 05, 2018 the wire needed to be stretch or taut by the application of tension or pulling forces on both ends of the wire the tautness is needed in order for the wire to develop vibrations that supposedly will resonate to a certain frequency depending on. Sonometer definition of sonometer by the free dictionary. To determine the frequency of ac by sonometer wire part 2. These relationships are usually called mersennes laws after marin mersenne 15881648, who investigated and codified them.
It consists of the frequency is calculated using the. To determine the frequency of ac mains with the help of sonometer. In this video you will get complete information about sonometer calculation of frequency of a. A sonometer is an apparatus used to study the transverse vibrations of stretched strings. Experiment aim to determine the frequency of alternating current using a sonometer and an electromagnet. The sonometer experiment is an experiment used to show nodes in a vibrating string. After recording you can measure the frequency of the fundamental mode using the frequency analysis window. To determine the thickness of a glass plate using spherometer apparatus required. To record you will need to adjust the preamp amplification. A sonometer with soft iron wire, a set of eight tuning forks. The equipment allows the length of the string and its tension to be varied. Measure the frequency of the standing wave using the oscilloscope. In this project, i explain how to measure the ac mains frequency using sonometer and electromagnet in the lab. Experiment 7 ac voltages, frequency and the use of the.
Ac sonometer tension physics waves free 30day trial scribd. Basically the frequency f of a stretched string depends upon the length of the string l, the tension t, and the mass per unit length m. Sonometer with brass wire, a horse shoe magnet, a step down transformer, hanger with weight and a screw gauge, connecting wire etc. Electromagnet a step down transformer220v to 6v or 12 v hanger with slotted weights of 500g each meter rod two wedges formula used. Sonometer harvard natural sciences lecture demonstrations. We have a small selection of wire sizes to show this. Stretch the heavier of the two wires on the sonometer with a load of approximately 1kg if available.
To find the frequency of the ac mains with sonometer. To study the relation between the length of a given wire. When the frequency of the applied force is adequate the. A sonometer is used to determine the frequency of alternating current. Spherometer and glass plate description of the instrument. To find the frequency of the ac mains with a sonometer. Determine the planks constant using planks contant set up. When the rate of movement due to the current matches the fundamental frequency of the wire, resonance occurs causing noticeable vibration. For example, the speed of ac synchronous motors depend upon the supply frequency, and any appliance such as a turntable using. The term monochord is sometimes used as the classname for any musical stringed instrument having only one string and a stick shaped body, also known as musical bows. The sonometer resonance modes of a stretched string experimental objectives. Adjust the grating for normal incidence method using the spectrometer. We adjusted the length of the string so that the amplitude is maximum.
In this experiment a small current, produced by a signal generator, causes the sonometer wire to move up and down due to interaction with the magnetic field of a ushaped magnet. To determine the frequency of alternating current using a. List of experiments conducted in physics lab during inspire camp held during 29 th. The electricity suppliers monitor the mains frequency constantly and aim to keep it within the allowed tolerances. What is the relationship between frequency and the length of a given wire under constant. Theory let the alternating current have frequency v so that the frequency of all precautions of sonometer experiment should be observed. Physics laboratory manual birla institute of technology. Basically a sonometer is a device based on the principle of resonance. It is a device, which converts high voltage currents to low voltage currents. Ap physics experiment law of strings purpose to determine the relationship between frequency, tension, and string length. You do so, by measuring the period, t, of the wave in the string using the detector coil. To study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension for constant frequency using sonometer physics lab manualncert solutions class 11 physics sample papers aim to study the relation between the length of a given wire and tension for constant frequency using sonometer. To study the relation between length of a given wire and tension for constant frequency using sonometer. To determine the frequency of ac mains with the help of.
My question is that resonance was there in vibration or not. Frequency hz distance to node m distance to node m distance to node m calculations. Physics lab manual ncert solutions class 12 physics sample papers. Place the sonometer near the end of the laboratory table so that the weight hanger attached to the wire hangs freely.
A spherometer is an instrument used for measuring very small distances. Why is tension needed to make a wire vibrate while. When two identical waves of same frequency, amplitude travelling in a medium with same speed but in opposite directions superpose, they produce stationary waves. Determine the frequency of ac main using sonometer answers. Circuits laboratory experiment 3 ac circuit analysis. Frequency of ac mains using sonometer experiment by non magnetic wire ask for details. To send the output of the sonometer into the preamp you need to use an adaptor that has one end a bnc and the other end a. If this current is alternating, as in the mains supply, the wire will vibrate, the fundamental resonant frequency of vibration being equal to the frequency of the mains supply. To determine frequency of ac mains using a sonometer and a.
Dependence of the fundamental frequency on tension use the above equations to derive a relationship between the frequency of the fundamental mode n1 and l, and t. Record the frequency of the tuning fork, and the distance from each node to the open end of the tube. A power oscillator with variable frequency is provided along with the. Pdf a simple experiment demonstrating the excitement of a standing wave in a. Laws of transverse vibration of string using a sonometer duration. Nvis 6052 experimentation with sonometer is a useful apparatus for investigating the vibration of a string or wire under tension. C sonometer is an apparatus by which the transverse vibrations of strings can be studied. To find out the frequency of ac mains using a sonometer. This video deals about the frequency determination of ac mains using sonometer hindi physics practicals section a.